What did the Tenure of Office Act prohibit?

The Tenure of Office Act specifically prohibited the president from removing executive officers from their positions without first obtaining Senate approval. Enacted in 1867 during the presidency of Andrew Johnson, this law was aimed at restricting the president's power to control his cabinet and other appointed officials. The act was a response to concerns about executive overreach and was part of the broader political struggle between Congress and the presidency during the Reconstruction era.

In practical terms, the law intended to protect certain officials who were appointed by former President Abraham Lincoln. The context of this legislation arose from the tensions surrounding Johnson's attempt to undermine congressional Reconstruction efforts. When Johnson violated this act by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and attempting to replace him, it led to his impeachment process, highlighting the significance of the act in the checks and balances of government.

Understanding the Tenure of Office Act and its implications helps in comprehending the broader themes of presidential power and congressional authority in U.S. history during this period.