What type of agriculture refers to the practice of growing one specific crop extensively?

The practice of growing one specific crop extensively is known as specialized agriculture. This approach is characterized by focusing on a single crop to maximize efficiency and potentially yield in specific environments or markets. Specialized agriculture allows farmers to streamline their operations, develop expertise in cultivating that particular crop, and take advantage of economies of scale. This can lead to increased productivity and profitability.

Industrial agriculture is related but typically refers to large-scale farming practices that may involve the cultivation of multiple crops as well as the use of advanced technologies and machinery. Heirloom agriculture focuses on the cultivation of traditional, non-commercial, and often organic varieties of plants, whereas hydroponic agriculture involves growing plants in a nutrient solution instead of soil and can include a wide range of crops rather than specializing in one. Therefore, specialized agriculture is the most accurate term for the practice described in the question.