Which treaty reduced the land of the Cheyenne and Arapaho in 1861?

The Treaty of Fort Wise, signed in 1861, was significant in that it reduced the lands of the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes substantially. This treaty was part of a broader pattern of treaties during this period, where the U.S. government aimed to secure land for settlers and miners, often at the expense of Native American territories.

The Cheyenne and Arapaho had originally been granted a sizable portion of land in the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851), but the Treaty of Fort Wise significantly altered this arrangement. Under the terms of the 1861 treaty, the Cheyenne and Arapaho were forced to relinquish much of their territory in exchange for a much smaller reservation in southeastern Colorado.

In contrast, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) ended the Mexican-American War and involved territories that were primarily in what is now the southwestern United States, making it unrelated to the Cheyenne and Arapaho. Similarly, the Treaty of Paris (1783) concluded the American Revolutionary War, and while the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) addressed issues regarding land but wasn't the treaty in question for the reduction of the Cheyenne and Arapaho lands in 1861 specifically.

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